Last Updated on September 15, 2023

What a remarkable industry that continues to grow in Australia each year. The buzz around this is nothing like we’ve seen before, and that’s probably why you’re now reading this. As lovers of AU horse racing betting sites not on BetStop, we’ve played many of them. Throughout this time, we’ve seen some great and not-so-great options similar to what you’d find on Betstop horse racing sites.

However, we want you to have a great gaming experience and reduce the amount of “bad eggs” you find while betting. To learn more about the top horse racing gambling sites not on BetStop, we suggest you read the below. Here we detail the options and why you should consider playing on them. 

Top Horse Racing Betting Sites Not on BetStop in Australia

MyStake AU
A$500 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇨🇦 🇳🇿 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
5.0
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 35% Reload
Velobet AU
$1000 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇨🇦 🇳🇿 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
5.0
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 100% Reload
GoldenBet AU
A$500 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇨🇦 🇳🇿 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
4.8
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 100% Reload
FreshBet AU
A$800 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇺🇸 🇨🇦 🇳🇿
✅ non-BetStop
4.8
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 10% Loyalty
Rolletto AU
$1500 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇳🇿 🇨🇦 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
4.8
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 100% Crypto Bonus
Bruce Pokies AU
A$100 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇳🇿 🇨🇦 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
4.8
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 50% Combo Boost
GoldenLion AU
$2000 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇳🇿 🇨🇦 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
4.8
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 100 Free Spins
Players Club VIP AU
A$100 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇳🇿 🇨🇦 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
4.5
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 50% Combo Boost
Damslots AU
A$100 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇳🇿 🇨🇦 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
4.3
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ A$500 Crypto Bonus
Jackbit AU
A$100 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇺🇸 🇳🇿 🇨🇦
✅ non-BetStop
4.0
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ Drops & Wins
SlotsNBets AU
A$100 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇳🇿 🇨🇦 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
4.0
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 100% Reload Bonus
Winstler AU
A$500 Bonus
accepts players from:
🇦🇺 🇳🇿 🇨🇦 🇺🇸
✅ non-BetStop
4.0
💳 VISA/Mastercard+
+ 100% Reload Bonus

Online, there are many horse racing betting sites not on BetStop. A simple search will pull thousands of options. Though this sounds great, you can only sign up for some. It’s impossible. 

But luckily, we have! We searched everywhere for the top AU horse racing sites, not on BetStop. During this search, we discovered that all top sites have something in common. They focus on user-friendly interfaces, attractive odds, and diverse payment options. 

Therefore, you can expect all of the following horse racing sites not on BetStop to thrive in this area. 

MyStake – Best Horse Racing Betting Site

mystake racing betting not on betstop
mystake racing betting not on betstop

The site stands out among horse racing bookmakers not on BetStop due to its commitment to offering a superior betting experience. In terms of features, MyStake boasts a comprehensive betting market, real-time race updates, speedy payouts, attentive customer support, and an inviting bonus structure.

Advantages of playing on this platform:

  • An extensive selection of options provides increased opportunities for success.
  • Up-to-the-minute information gives players an edge in decision-making.
  • Winnings are quickly and conveniently accessed, creating a seamless gaming experience.
  • The support team responds promptly to any concerns or queries.
  • Generous bonuses add an exciting layer to the betting process, enhancing overall enjoyment.

Users of MyStake have been vocal about their positive experiences. They frequently highlight the platform’s vast betting options, helpful real-time updates, and the speed at which they can access their winnings. Furthermore, players appreciate the diligent customer support and rewarding bonus offerings.

Therefore, MyStake is more than just a platform for betting. It’s a comprehensive, player-focused betting environment.

GoldenBet – Best Mobile Site for Non-BetStop Horse Racing

goldenbet horse racing betting not on betstop
goldenbet horse racing betting not on betstop

As a leading contender among non-BetStop horse racing betting sites, GoldenBet has quickly earned a solid reputation in the betting world due to its numerous appealing features. The platform’s user-friendly interface is well-liked, providing both beginners and experienced bettors a smooth betting experience. The robust security protocols implemented by GoldenBet are another selling point, ensuring the protection of players’ data and maintaining high levels of trust.

Regarding betting options, GoldenBet is second to none, offering a diverse array of racing markets. This range caters to all bettors’ preferences, whether they enjoy domestic races or international competitions. Furthermore, bettors can always expect competitive odds from GoldenBet, increasing the potential for high returns. Adding to these features, the site offers innovative betting tools, such as the bet calculator, enhancing players’ betting strategies.

Advantages of playing on GoldenBet:

  • The platform’s design is easy to navigate, even for betting novices.
  • Solid security measures that protect all users’ sensitive information. 
  • A considerable amount of betting markets that invite all bettor types. 
  • Competitive odds heighten the possibility of substantial wins.
  • Innovative tools like the bet calculator add a strategic element to betting.

GoldenBet’s user feedback reflects the platform’s commitment to delivering an excellent betting experience. Many users commend the ease of use, highlighting the user-friendly interface simplifying the betting process. The robust security measures also receive praise for ensuring peace of mind. Bettors appreciate the array of markets available, ensuring there’s always a race to interest them. The competitive odds and innovative tools have also been hailed for improving the betting experience and raising potential returns.

Rolletto – Horse Racing Betting Site Not on BetStop with the Highest Odds

rolletto
rolletto

As one of the highly recommended non-BetStop horse racing bookmakers, Rolletto has various unique features. The platform has many horse racing events, creating an engaging user betting experience. Bettors can access races from numerous regions, broadening their betting opportunities and enhancing the overall excitement.

Rolletto also excels in providing dynamic betting options, including in-play betting. This is a great feature. It allows you to place wagers while watching the race unfold. And you can deposit or withdraw your funds without question. It’s fast and seamless. Additionally, Rolletto stands firm on promoting a safe and responsible gambling environment, implementing features that enable bettors to control their gambling habits.

Advantages of playing on Rolletto:

  • Bettors can enjoy various horse racing events catering to diverse preferences.
  • The platform’s in-play betting feature introduces an exciting dynamic to betting.
  • Super-fast transaction speeds allow the bettor to deposit or withdraw with immense speed. 
  • Though it’s a non-BetStop platform, it does have responsible gambling measures.
  • An interactive community platform creates a social environment for bettors.

The positive user feedback Rolletto receives attests to its commitment to quality. Users love the variety of horse racing events available, offering them a broad spectrum of betting opportunities. The in-play betting feature has been lauded for its excitement, while the platform’s quick transaction processing earns praise for its efficiency. Users appreciate Rolletto’s dedication to responsible gambling and enjoy the vibrant community platform where they can interact with fellow horse racing enthusiasts.

FreshBet – The Most Trusted Racing Bookmaker Not on BetStop

freshbet non betstop racing site
freshbet non betstop racing site

Among the prominent non-BetStop horse racing bookies, FreshBet has carved out a strong position. The platform’s standout features include an easy-to-navigate interface and a well-crafted mobile app. Users can seamlessly switch between different race markets with a few clicks, whether on desktop or mobile.

For those who relish a more comprehensive race selection, FreshBet delivers. It presents a global array of horse racing events, heightening the betting excitement. Moreover, the platform prides itself on quick payout times, which many bettors appreciate. The addition of 24/7 customer support means help is always at hand.

Advantages of playing on FreshBet:

  • An intuitive interface allows easy navigation.
  • The mobile app ensures a smooth betting experience on the go.
  • Extensive race selection caters to all betting preferences.
  • Quick payout times mean bettors can access winnings faster.
  • Round-the-clock customer support provides immediate assistance.

User feedback on FreshBet underlines these advantages. Users enjoy the platform’s easy-to-use interface and the convenience of the mobile app. The broad selection of races keeps bettors engaged, and the prompt payout times are frequently praised. Additionally, the 24/7 customer support receives positive remarks for their efficient service.

GoldenLion – New Horse Racing Bookmaker Not on BetStop

goldenlion racing bookmaker not on betstop
goldenlion racing bookmaker not on betstop

As one of the standout non-BetStop racing betting sites, GoldenLion offers its users a premium betting experience. The platform is known for its appealing graphics and diverse betting options. Plus, bettors can partake in live betting for a thrilling real-time experience.

GoldenLion ensures a secure betting environment with robust security measures, reassuring users about their data protection. Including this, you’ll find various bonuses. These can make or break an online casino, and GoldenLion performs excellently in this area. 

Advantages of playing on GoldenLion:

  • Eye-catching graphics enhance the user experience.
  • The in-game/live wagering feature offer a real-time experience. 
  • Strong security measures protect users’ data.
  • A wide range of betting options caters to all bettors.
  • Regular bonuses and promotions offer extra chances to win.

User feedback echoes these benefits. Users often mention the platform’s visually appealing design and the exhilarating live betting option. GoldenLion’s security measures are also lauded for providing a safe betting space. Moreover, users appreciate the variety of betting options and the regular bonuses and promotions, enhancing their overall betting experience.

Players Club VIP – High Roller Bookmaker Not on BetStop

players club vip racing bookmaker not on betstop
players club vip racing bookmaker not on betstop

One of the notable horse racing bookies not on BetStop, has been receiving rave reviews. Features like secure payment methods and a vast selection of races set this platform apart. Also, one that you should know, they have a loyalty program. This allows loyal players to gain special rewards. 

The benefits of playing on Players Club VIP include:

  • Secure payment methods ensure a safe betting experience.
  • A broad selection of races accommodates various preferences.
  • The loyalty program rewards regular bettors.
  • Comprehensive race information aids in informed betting.
  • A User-friendly interface eases the betting process.

Users appreciate Players Club VIP for these features and benefits. They particularly praise the secure payment methods and the extensive choice of races. The loyalty program is a big hit among frequent bettors. In-depth race information aids in informed betting, and the intuitive interface adds to the overall user experience.

DamSlots – Reputable Horse Racing Betting Site Not on BetStop

damslots non betstop
damslots non betstop

The non-BetStop casino stands tall among horse racing betting sites, not on BetStop. The platform offers everything you want from a betting platform. You have in-play options, regularly updated odds, and, our favorite, live streaming. The platform also includes features like virtual horse racing and round-the-clock customer support.

Here are the advantages of DamSlots:

  • Live streaming enhances betting excitement.
  • In-play betting options provide a real-time thrill.
  • Regularly updated odds give users a fair chance.
  • Virtual horse racing offers a unique experience.
  • Around-the-clock customer support that never sleeps. 
  • One of the best pokies not on BetStop.

User feedback on DamSlots is resoundingly positive. Bettors love the live-streaming feature and the excitement of in-play betting. Regularly updated odds are well-received, providing a fair chance to all. The unique virtual horse racing option is a crowd favourite. Additionally, users appreciate the constant customer support for its prompt and efficient service.

SlotsnBets – One of The Best Horse Racing Betting Sites Not on BetStop

slotsnbets
slotsnbets

The bookmaker sits prominently amongst horse racing sites, not on BetStop. It has distinctive features like multiple betting markets, easy navigation, and a generous bonus structure. Plus, they offer high-definition streaming of races and an in-depth betting guide.

The advantages that set SlotsnBets apart are:

  • Multiple betting markets cater to diverse preferences.
  • Easy navigation simplifies the betting process.
  • The generous bonus structure keeps players engaged.
  • High-definition streaming makes races come alive.
  • An in-depth betting guide supports strategic betting.

Users report enjoying the varied betting markets at SlotsnBets. The easy-to-navigate website and an appealing bonus structure keep players returning. High-definition streaming is a hit, providing a dynamic race-viewing experience. Moreover, the detailed betting guide proves helpful in making informed bets.

JackBit – Crypto Horse Racing Bookmaker Not on BetStop

jackbit horse racing betting sites not on betstop
jackbit

A standout among horse racing betting sites not on BetStop, offers various features. These include live odds, a user-friendly mobile platform, and a wide selection of international races. They also provide unique bet types and comprehensive race statistics.

Here’s an overview of the benefits of playing on JackBit: 

  • Live odds ensure fair betting opportunities.
  • A mobile platform allows betting on the go.
  • Access to international races broadens betting options.
  • Unique bet types make betting more attractive.
  • Comprehensive race statistics help guide betting decisions.

JackBit users commend the live odds feature, adding excitement to their betting experience. The user-friendly mobile platform is praised for its convenience. The wide array of international races and unique bet types keeps betting diverse and engaging. Finally, comprehensive race statistics are invaluable for informed betting.

Criteria for non-BetStop Horse Racing Betting Sites

To ensure you enjoy top-tier betting experiences, we set stringent standards for judging non-BetStop horse racing betting sites. Here’s what we look for:

  • User Experience: An excellent site that makes players feel welcomed and valued. We seek sites offering straightforward interfaces, user-friendly design, and helpful customer support. These features ensure a smooth and enjoyable betting experience.
  • Ease of Use: Simple navigation is vital. We prioritize platforms that let users find what they need quickly, whether placing a bet, withdrawing winnings, or seeking assistance.
  • Payment Options: More payment methods equal greater convenience. We look for sites that have a bunch of payment options. These include e-wallets, credit cards, cryptocurrencies, etc. This widens accessibility for different users.
  • Bonuses: Who doesn’t love a good bonus? Sites offering generous welcome bonuses, frequent promotions, and reward programs earn our praise. These perks boost player engagement and provide more value for your money.
  • Race Coverage: A top betting site should provide access to an extensive range of races, from local events to international derbies. This type of coverage provides an outstanding betting experience. 

Considering these parameters, we ensure that the non-BetStop horse racing betting sites we recommend deliver a superior betting journey. Every factor plays a role in making these sites competitive in the market. Whether the user-friendly interface or extensive race coverage, each aspect contributes to a unique, convenient, and thrilling betting environment for all players.

Why Play These Horse Racing Bookmakers not on BetStop

Broad Betting Opportunities

Bettors gravitate towards bookmakers not on BetStop, primarily due to the extensive betting opportunities they provide. These platforms offer comprehensive coverage of races, encompassing everything from local derbies to esteemed international events. Such offerings boost the user experience, allowing players to wager on horse racing however they like. 

Many users have praised these platforms for their extensive race coverage, expressing satisfaction with the ability to explore beyond their regular betting preferences.

Player-Focused Bonuses

Rewards and bonuses are another standout feature of these platforms. Bookmakers not on BetStop often introduce enticing welcome bonuses, regular promotions, and lucrative loyalty programs. Besides extending a player’s betting capacity, these incentives amplify the betting process’s thrill.

User feedback reflects a positive reception to these incentives. Many bettors have cited these bonuses as a critical factor in making their betting journey more engaging, further underlining the platforms’ commitment to providing value to their users.

Convenient Payment Options

The variety of payment options for these platforms supports another significant benefit. With payment options, the more, the better. You want choices to cater to a broad audience. Therefore, the top horse racing betting sites not on BetStop should have payment options such as e-wallets, cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Tether, and Ethereum, credit cards, etc. 

Several users have applauded these platforms for their seamless transaction processes. Speedy withdrawals have been highlighted as a critical advantage, demonstrating the platform’s commitment to delivering a smooth betting experience to all users.

User-friendly Interfaces

These horse racing bookmakers not on BetStop are also favoured for their user-friendly interfaces. With intuitive designs, bettors can swiftly locate their preferred races, easily place bets, and access support services whenever required.

User testimonials often highlight the ease of navigation on these platforms. Many bettors appreciate these interfaces’ simplicity and efficiency, attributing their continued patronage to the platform’s commitment to ensuring a hassle-free betting experience.

Superior Customer Support

Finally, these platforms’ superior customer support services must be balanced. With a focus on resolving users’ concerns promptly and efficiently, these platforms ensure users feel heard and supported at all times.

Many users have lauded the friendly and helpful customer service. Such feedback highlights the platform’s dedication to maintaining a positive relationship with its users, which builds trust and fosters a loyal user base.

How to Play on Horse Racing Bookies not on BetStop

1. Registration Process

The first step to enjoying betting with horse racing bookies not on BetStop involves registration. The ‘Sign Up’ or ‘Register’ section is prominently displayed on all pages in the top right-hand corner. Clicking this button redirects you to another page requesting all your basic information. 

The information needed is precisely what you think it is. Full name, contact number, email address, date of birth, etc. After submitting this information, a confirmation email is usually sent. 

2. Depositing Funds

After successfully registering, it’s time to deposit funds into your account. Navigate to the platform’s ‘Banking’ or ‘Deposit’ section. Here, you’ll find a list of supported payment methods.

Select your payment method, enter the amount, and follow the instructions on-screen. The funds should reflect in your betting account within a few minutes, although this could vary depending on the payment method.

3. Placing Bets

Now you’re ready to place bets. Look for the ‘Horse Racing’ section, often on the platform’s main menu. Here, you’ll find all of the horse races that the platform is currently offering. 

Once here, select the race that you want to place a wager on and choose your horse/bet. When you’re satisfied with your selections, click ‘Place Bet.’ The bet slip will confirm the wager, and it’s officially game on!

4. Withdrawing Winnings

If you’re lucky enough to win, withdrawing your winnings is usually straightforward. Navigate to the ‘Withdraw’ section under ‘Banking.’ Just like with deposits, you’ll see a list of withdrawal methods.

Select your withdrawal method, enter how much you want to withdraw, and follow the easy-to-follow casino instructions. Do note that withdrawal times vary by method, so your winnings may take a few days to reach your account.

5. Customer Support

Lastly, if you ever run into any issues or need assistance, remember that horse racing bookies not on BetStop are known for their excellent customer support. Look for the site’s ‘Help’ or ‘Support’ section. You’ll find various ways to reach out here, including live chat, email, and sometimes a direct phone line.

Tips to Win from Horse Racing Betting Sites not on BetStop

1. Deep Dive into Horse Racing

Betting success on racing betting, not BetStop platforms, largely relies on your comprehension of the sport. Start by familiarising yourself with horse racing jargon and understanding various race types. Horse racing is rich with terms that might seem confusing initially.

Further, it’s advisable to follow the latest racing news regularly. News about the horses, the jockeys, and the trainers can influence betting decisions. Regular updates about their recent performances could provide insights that give you an edge over other punters.

2. Embrace Betting Strategies

Exploring various betting strategies is crucial to boost your chances of reaping the rewards. Flat betting, for instance, is a prudent strategy where you wager a consistent amount on every race. Such an approach can protect your bankroll and extend your betting sessions.

Alternatively, you can opt for proportionate betting. In this type of strategy, you bet a percentage of your bankroll. As your bankroll increases or decreases, so does your wagered amount. This dynamic approach can ensure effective bankroll management.

3. Get Good at Analysing Odds

The odds are significant for wagering on horse racing. Simply put, they give a probability of an outcome. Familiarise yourself with how to interpret odds effectively.

As a rule of thumb, lower odds equal higher chances of winning but lower payouts. On the other hand, higher odds present lower winning probabilities but can lead to higher potential winnings. You must strike a balance between this, ensuring you can win but not win too little based on your bankroll. 

4. Bankroll Management is Key

Sound bankroll management can pave the way for sustained betting on racing betting, not BetStop platforms. You need a set budget. Risking more than your managed bankroll can undoubtedly be a slippery slope. 

Also, consider diversifying your bets. You want to put your eggs in a variety of baskets. Ideally, you want to spread your bets over various horses and races to reduce risk. 

5. Embrace the Learning Curve

Lastly, be ready to learn from your mistakes. Even seasoned bettors don’t always win. When a bet doesn’t go as planned, rather than feeling disheartened, try to analyze what went wrong. Take those lessons to heart and apply them to future bets. This attitude will gradually enhance your betting skills and increase your chances of winning.

FAQ

What’s the difference between non-Betstop and Betstop bookies?

The contrast between non-Betstop horse racing bookies and BetStop platforms stems from their self-exclusion policies. In simple terms, BetStop is a scheme in the UK that permits users to self-exclude from all gambling sites. Conversely, non-Betstop bookies are separate from this scheme, offering a different dynamic in online betting.

With non-BetStop bookies, players get a higher degree of freedom and accessibility. They are designed to cater to punters who feel excessively bound by the BetStop regulations. Still, it’s a good practice to approach these platforms with caution and a mind toward responsible betting.

Is playing on non-BetStop horse racing betting sites a good idea?

The allure of non-BetStop horse racing betting sites depends heavily on personal betting habits and self-control. These sites present more betting liberties and are often adorned with attractive promotions, making them an appealing choice for disciplined punters.

However, it’s crucial to self-monitor betting behaviors when using these platforms. For bettors who have struggled with gambling control in the past, these sites may not be the optimal choice. It’s a personal decision that should be made considering one’s ability to engage in responsible betting.

Can you freely play on horse racing betting sites, not on BetStop?

Many horse racing betting sites not on BetStop extend the option of free play or demo modes. These modes allow bettors to familiarize themselves with the platform, its navigation, and its game offerings without the risk of losing money. However, it’s important to remember that while you can win in these modes, the winnings don’t translate to real-world cash.

To try for real winnings, bettors must deposit money and place actual bets. Every platform differs in deposit methods, minimum requirements, and wagering rules. Always read the terms and conditions.

How can I choose the best horse racing betting sites not on BetStop?

Identifying the best horse racing betting sites not on BetStop requires a thoughtful evaluation of several factors. Users should prioritize platforms with positive reviews, highlighting good user experiences. An ample selection of horse races and betting options also marks a quality platform.

Furthermore, the platform’s security measures, payment options, and customer service quality are vital to assess. These features significantly contribute to a safe and pleasant betting experience.

The platform’s incentives, such as bonuses and promotions, also hold significant weight. They can add value to your betting journey and increase your chances of winning.

Are non-BetStop bookies completely legal?

The question of legality for non-BetStop bookies is primarily tied to the laws and regulations of the player’s location. Non-BetStop bookies are legal within their licensing jurisdictions, but bettors must verify the legality in their respective countries.

In many areas, using these platforms is entirely legal. However, each player must ensure they gamble within the guidelines of their local laws. Always prioritize responsible gambling, and understand the rules and regulations for your location.

How secure are my transactions on non-BetStop horse racing betting sites?

Regarding non-BetStop horse racing betting sites, your transactional security is paramount. These platforms typically employ robust security protocols, safeguarding your financial data. Encryption technologies like SSL are used to protect data during transactions.

Moreover, they partner with reputed payment providers that further enhance the security of your transactions. You’ll find various options such as debit and credit cards, cryptos, and e-wallet options. 

Still, it’s always crucial to practice safe online habits. Keep your personal information confidential and ensure the platform’s URL starts with ‘https’—indicating a secure site. By doing so, you’ll be well on your way to enjoying a safe betting experience.

Conclusion

Navigating the online betting world comes with its unique set of challenges. Yet, the presence of horse racing betting sites not on BetStop opens new avenues for gambling enthusiasts. Whether it’s the flexibility they offer, the array of races, or the irresistible bonuses, these platforms are increasingly becoming the choice of many punters.

These platforms stand out for their ability to offer a betting experience that caters to users’ varying needs. More than just alternatives, they’ve grown into full-fledged betting platforms offering competitive horse racing odds. Plus, many provide comprehensive racing information, helping punters make informed decisions.

The AU horse racing sites not on BetStop provide many opportunities for Aussie bettors. These sites serve as a reminder that responsible gambling can coexist with a betting experience that doesn’t limit one’s freedom.

Throughout this blog, we have delved into the intricacies of horse racing gambling sites not on BetStop. This knowledge can empower you as you make your betting choices. Whether you’re a pro or a novice punter, these platforms can help redefine your betting experience. 

So why wait? Test your horse racing knowledge and explore the thrilling world of non-BetStop bookies today. Always remember, the exciting realm of horse racing betting awaits those who dare to venture into it. Keep your spirits high, and let the races begin!

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *